What is the role of an initiator in the polymerization process?

The initiator plays a crucial role in the polymerization process, specifically in the transformation of monomers into polymers. In the context of nail technology, initiators are substances that start the chemical reaction required to form polymers from smaller monomer units. When an initiator is introduced, often through exposure to heat or light, it begins the process of polymerization, which results in the hardening of nail products like gels or acrylics. This conversion is essential for creating the strong and long-lasting structures that are desired in nail enhancements.

In contrast, the other roles outlined in the question do not pertain to the function of an initiator. Cleaning the surfaces of nails relates to preparation for application, while restoring the natural sheen involves finishing products or techniques after application. The idea of acting as a preservative relates to maintaining the quality or extending the shelf life of products, which is separate from the initiation of polymerization. Understanding the distinct function of the initiator is key in the practice of nail technology.