A mutagen could potentially lead to which of the following?

A mutagen refers to any substance or factor that causes changes to the DNA within an organism's cells. These changes can lead to mutations, which are alterations in the genetic material that can disrupt normal cellular functions. One of the significant effects of mutagenic changes is the potential development of cancer. This occurs when mutations affect genes that regulate cell growth and division, leading to uncontrolled cell proliferation, which can result in tumor formation.

In contrast, while skin irritation, infection, and allergic reactions are important concerns in the field of nail technology and can stem from various irritants or pathogens, they are not directly caused by mutagens. Skin irritation may arise from chemical exposure or allergies but does not imply genetic changes. Similarly, infections are typically caused by pathogens like bacteria or viruses rather than mutagenic agents. Allergic reactions occur due to immune responses rather than changes in DNA.

Therefore, out of all the options provided, cancer is the most directly linked to the effects of mutagens, making it the correct choice.